pioneers

of space

Soviet and Russian astronauts became pioneers in space exploration. Set a lot of records and made quite a few discoveries.

space

program

of the

ussr

Lunokhod-1
October 4, 1957

launch of the first satellite into orbit;

November 3, 1957

launch of the first satellite of a satellite with a living creature on board into orbit;

January 2, 1959

the first spacecraft in solar orbit

September 12, 1959

landing of an automatic interplanetary station on the moon for research purposes

October 4, 1959

an unmanned overflight of the Moon by an automatic interplanetary station with photographing of its back

April 12, 1961

the first manned space flight (Yuri Gagarin)

August 6, 1961

flight into space of the second astronaut (German Titov) of Vostok-2 spacecraft

August 11-12, 1962

tandem flight of two manned spacecraft

November 1, 1962

the first automatic interplanetary station in Martian orbit with research purposes

October 12, 1964

the first flight of a crew of three people

March 18, 1965

the first manned spacewalk

November 17, 1970

anding on the moon of the first planet rover Lunokhod-1

April 19, 1971

launching the first Salyut-1 orbital station into orbit.

July 15, 1975

docking of Soviet and American ships in space under the Soyuz-Apollo program.

February 20, 1986

launch of the first multimodular orbital station Mir

Cosmodromes

of the Soviet Union

Plesetsk
was founded in 1957
Kapustin Yar
missile testing ground for ballistic missiles. Also used as a spaceport.
Baikonur
is the first and largest cosmodrome in the world. It was founded in 1955.
Kapustin Yar
missile testing ground for ballistic missiles. Also used as a spaceport.
Plesetsk
was founded in 1957
Baikonur
is the first and largest cosmodrome in the world. It was founded in 1955.

Space

records of

‍astronauts

01

The first astronaut in the world

Yuri Gagarin
02

First woman astronaut

Valentina Tereshkova
03

The first man to spacewalk

Alexey Leonov
04

The youngest astronaut in history

German Titov
05

The first place in the in terms of total duration of stay in space 

Gennady Padalka
01

The first astronaut in the world

Yuri Gagarin
02

First woman astronaut

Valentina Tereshkova
03

THE FIRST MAN TO SPACEWALK

Alexey Leonov
04

THE YOUNGEST ASTRONAUT IN HISTORY

German Titov
05

The first place in the world in terms of total duration of stay in space

Gennady Padalka
10

The first man to be in space twice
The first person killed during space flight

Vladimir Komarov
09

The first Russian astronaut to make 6 flights into space

Sergey Krikalev
08

The longest flight into space
(437 days 17 hours 58 minutes)

Valery Polyakov
07

The first woman to spacewalk

Svetlana Savitskaya
06

The record for the number of spacewalks and the total duration of work in outer space
(82 h 21 m).

Anatoly Solovyov

Throughout history,

123 astronauts flew into

space, of which 4 were women.

More than 50 astronauts went

into outer space, 4 tragically

died during the flight. Now

there are 14 cosmonauts in

active formation

first

in

space

On April 12, 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in world history to fly into outer space. After 108 minutes of the flight, Gagarin successfully landed in the Saratov region, not far from Engels. April 12, 1962, the day of Yuri Gagarin's flight into space was declared a holiday - Cosmonautics Day

move mouse →
1934

Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin was born on March 9, 1934 in a village in the village of Klushino (Smolensk region). Russian nationality. He comes from a working environment. The Gagarin family had three sons and a daughter. Yuri was the third oldest.

1941

October 12, 1941 the village was in occupation. The Germans drove out the family with small children and the Gagarins had to live in a dugout. Shortly before the retreat, the Germans hijacked older brother Valentine and sister Zoya to Germany. On April 9, 1943, the Red Army liberated the village.

1955

In 1955, Yuri Gagarin made significant progress, graduated with honors from the Saratov flying club and completed his first independent flight on a Yak-18 aircraft. On October 27, he was drafted into the Soviet Army and sent to Orenburg at the 1st Military Aviation School for Pilots named after K. E. Voroshilov

1959

At school, he could not master the moment of landing, threatened with expulsion. At the last moment, the chief drew attention to Gagarin's small stature, which influenced the viewing angle and reduced the feeling of the earth. Putting a thick lining on the chair, he coped with the task and on October 25, 1957 Gagarin graduated from college with honors.

Cadet of the Saratov flying club Yuri Gagarin
1960

By order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force K.A. Vershinin, Gagarin was enrolled in the group of candidates for cosmonauts on March 3, 1960. Together with his family he went to a new military service site. On March 25, regular classes began on the cosmonaut training program.

Road to

space

On April 3, 1961, a meeting of the Presidium of the CPSU Central Committee was held, where a decision was made to launch man into space.

Having examined personal files, characteristics and exam results, the selection committee wrote in the act: “We recommend the following order of use of astronauts in flights: Gagarin, Titov, Nelyubov, Nikolaev, Bykovsky, Popovich”

crew of the first spaceship
crew of the first spaceship
ship crew

Yuri Gagarin

Backup crew

German Titov

Support crew

Grigory Nelyubov

"
‍
Perform a single-turn flight around the Earth at an altitude of 180-230 kilometers, lasting 1 hour 30 minutes with landing in a given area. The purpose of the flight is to check the possibility of a person staying in space on a specially equipped spacecraft, to check the spacecraft’s equipment in flight, to check the connection of the spacecraft with the Earth, to make sure that the means of landing the spacecraft and the astronaut are reliable.

vostok 1

A spaceship from the Vostok series, the first spacecraft to lift a man into Earth orbit.

Apparatus weight

4.725 t

Sealed Case Diameter

2.2 m

Length (without antennas)

4.4 m

Max diameter

2.43 m

crew

1 person

habitable volume

1,6 m³

flight duration

7 days

booster

R-7

A spaceship from the Vostok series, the first spacecraft to lift a man into Earth orbit.

Apparatus weight

4.725 t

Launch mass

287 t

total length

38.36 m

Maximum lateral size

10.3 m

flight path

Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 1
launch 06:07 GMT

Kamchatka peninsula 06:21 GMT

Northwest of the Hawaiian Islands
06:37 GMT

Equador crossung 06:48 GMT

South Pacific 06:57 GMT

Strait of Magellan 07:00 GMT

South Atlantic 07:00 GMT

Egypt Reentry begins 07:35 GMT

Russia Gagarin lands 08:05 GMT

West coast of Africa 07:25 GMT

Launch
site

flight path

Baikonur
Cosmodrome Site 1
launch 06:07 GMT

Kamchatka
peninsula
06:21 GMT

Northwest of the
Hawaiian Islands
06:37 GMT

Equador
crossung
06:48 GMT

South
Pacific
06:57 GMT

Strait of
Magellan
07:00 GMT

South
Atlantic
07:00 GMT

West coast
of Africa
07:25 GMT

Egypt
Reentry begins
07:35 GMT

Russia
Gagarin lands
08:05 GMT

Mission

progress

The Vostok spacecraft with the pilot-cosmonaut Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin on board was launched on April 12, 1961 at 09:07 Moscow time (06:07 UTC) from the Baikonur cosmodrome. Gagarin's call sign was "Cedar".

Before start
03:00
Final check of a spaceship
5:30
The astronauts woke up and had breakfast
06:00
The meeting of the commission and the signing of the rear astronaut number 1
06:50
Gagarin got off the bus and went to the ship
Trigger cycle
07:10
Gagarin’s voice appeared on the air
08:10
50-minute availability announced
08:30
30-minute availability announced
08:50
10-minute availability announced
I understand you - a ten-minute readiness is announced. The helmet is closed. Everything is fine, I feel good, ready to start.
09:00
declared minute readiness:
Korolev: Minute readiness, how do you hear?
Gagarin: I understand you - a minute readiness. Has taken a starting position ...
09:01:51
Minute Readiness Team
09:03:00
Key to Start Team
09:03:06
team "broach-1"
09:03:16
Purge command
09:03:51
command "Key to drainage"
09:05:51
start command
09:06:41
team "broach-2"
09:06:51
ignition command
09:07
ignition on:
Korolev: Ignition is given, "Cedar."
Gagarin ("Cedar"): I understand you - the ignition is given.
Korolev: Preliminary stage ... Intermediate ... Home ... Ascent!
Over the speakerphone the astronaut shouts: Let's go!
Flight
09:09
first stage compartment
09:22
The radio signals of the Soviet spacecraft are detected by the American radar station Shamiya
09:52
receiving data:
according to the data received from the Vostok-1 spacecraft, the astronaut, being over South America, said: “I feel great. I hear you perfectly. The flight is going well.”
09:57
Gagarin got off the bus and went to the ship
10:15
receiving data:
flying over Africa, he transmitted from the board of the Vostok-1 spacecraft: “The flight is proceeding normally, I can endure the state of zero gravity.”

04/12/1961 at 10 a.m. 55 minutes 2 km southeast of n. Podgornoye, pilot-cosmonaut Major GAGARIN Yuri Alekseevich, who made the first space flight on the Vostok spacecraft, landed

"
I ask you to convey to the Air Force Commander: I completed the task, landed in a given area, I feel good, there are no bruises and breakages. Gagarin.
"

successful

start...

meeting of the

first

astronaut

At the landing site, he was awarded his first reward for flying into space - the medal "For the development of virgin lands", as well as the extraordinary rank of major. And then in Moscow Gagarina was expected by a grand reception: jubilant people, journalists and cameramen, the country's leadership.

Moscow meets Yuri Gagarin
Meeting of the first cosmonaut of the Earth at Vnukovo airport. Moscow
Yu.A. Gagarin. The first minutes after landing

"

Which represents the first human penetration into space. We

congratulate you and the Soviet scientists and engineers who made

this achievement possible. I express my sincere wish that, in the

future pursuit of space exploration, our countries can work together

and achieve the greatest good for humanity.

"

John F. Kennedy

US President

"

On the occasion of the greatest success of your scientists,

technicians and astronauts in the implementation of manned flight

into space”, he called the incident “a historical event

"

Harold Macmillan

British Prime Minister

"

The success of Soviet scientists and astronauts honors

Europe and humanity

"

Charles de Gaulle

French President

awards and titles

Gagarin has been awarded many state and international awards. Cities and streets around the world were named after him.

Ranks
The Order
Medals and diplomas
Honorary Citizenship
Military ranks

Once in my childhood I read the words of V.P. Chkalov: "If to be, then to be the first." So I try to be and will be until the end.

First

woman

‍in space

valentina tereshkova

‍
Onam made her space flight (the world's first flight of a woman-cosmonaut) on June 16, 1963, on the Vostok-6 spacecraft, it lasted almost three days. The start took place at Baikonur not from the "Gagarin" site, but from a backup one. On the day of her flight into space, Tereshkova told her family that she was leaving for a parachutist competition, they learned about the flight from the news on the radio.

1937

Was born on March 6, 1937, in the village of Bolshoye Maslennikovo, Tutaevsky district, Yaroslavl region

1945

In 1945 she entered secondary school number 32 in the city of Yaroslavl (the school now bears her name). Having an ear for music, in her free time she learned to play the domra. She graduated from seven classes in 1953.

1954

To help the family, in 1954, Valentina went to work at the Yaroslavl Tire Plant as a bracelet in the assembly and vulcanization shop at a preparatory operation, where she operated a diagonal cutting machine.

1955

From 1955 to 1960, she studied at the Yaroslavl correspondence technical school of light industry as a cotton spinning technician

1957

In 1957 she joined the Komsomol

1959

Since 1959 she was engaged in parachuting at the Yaroslavl flying club.

1962

Enrolled in the cosmonaut corps on March 12, 1962 and began training as a student-cosmonaut of the 2nd detachment

1963

The world's first flight of a woman-cosmonaut was made on June 16, 1963 on the Vostok-6 spacecraft, it lasted almost three days

1969

From April 30, 1969 to April 28, 1997 - instructor-cosmonaut of the cosmonaut corps of the 1st department of the 1st control of the group of orbital ships and stations, instructor-cosmonaut-test of the group of orbital manned complexes of general and special purposes, the 1st group of the cosmonaut corps.

In the cosmonaut squad

Election

At the beginning of 1962, the search for applicants began according to the following criteria: a parachutist, up to 30 years old, up to 170 cm tall and weighing up to 70 kg. Five out of hundreds of candidates were selected: Zhanna Yorkina, Tatyana Kuznetsova, Valentina Ponomareva, Irina Solovyova and Valentina Tereshkova.
Immediately after being accepted into the cosmonaut detachment, Tereshkova, along with the rest of the girls, was called up for urgent military service with the rank of privates.

Training

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“Hey! Sky!

Take off

your hat!”

Tereshkova made her space flight (the world's first flight of a woman-cosmonaut) on June 16, 1963 on the Vostok-6 spacecraft, it lasted almost three days. The start took place at Baikonur not from the "Gagarin" site, but from a backup one. At the same time, the Vostok-5 spacecraft, piloted by cosmonaut Valery Bykovsky, was in orbit.

Ship flight data

Launch vehicle

Vostok 8K72K

Launch pad

Baikonur

Starting

June 16, 1963 09:29 UTC

Landing

June 19, 1963 08:20 UTC

Flight duration

2 days 22 hours 40 minutes 48 seconds

Number of turnsof turns

48

Flight duration

1.971 million km

Ship Weight

4.7 t

Flight

"Seagulls"

Movie for the anniversary of Valentina Tereshkova

great

woman

of the

20th

century

Tereshkova - pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR No. 6 (call sign - "Seagull"), 10th world cosmonaut; the only woman in the world to make space flight alone.

Valentina Tereshkova before launch at the spacecraft elevator

Valentina Tereshkova during preparation for the flight

awards and titles

04/12/1961 at 10 a.m. 55 minutes 2 km southeast of n. Podgornoye, pilot-cosmonaut Major GAGARIN Yuri Alekseevich, who made the first space flight on the Vostok spacecraft, landed

Ranks

Hero of the Soviet Union (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 22, 1963, the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star Medal) - for the implementation of a long flight in space on the Vostok-6 satellite ship
Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 1st degree (March 1, 2017) - for an outstanding contribution to the strengthening of Russian statehood, the development of parliamentarism and active legislative activity
Order of Merit for the Fatherland, II degree (March 6, 2007) - for an outstanding contribution to the development of Russian cosmonautics
Order of Merit for the Fatherland, III degree (March 6, 1997) - for services to the state and a great personal contribution to the development of Russian cosmonautics
Order of Alexander Nevsky (June 12, 2013) - for a great contribution to the development of Russian parliamentarism and active legislative activity
Order of Honor (June 10, 2003) - for a great contribution to the development and strengthening of international scientific, cultural and public relations
Order of Friendship (April 12, 2011) - for a great contribution to the development of domestic manned cosmonautics and many years of fruitful social activities
Order of Lenin (May 6, 1981) - for successful activities to develop and strengthen ties with the progressive public and peace-loving forces of foreign countries (second)
Order of the October Revolution (December 1, 1971)
Order of the Red Banner of Labor (March 5, 1987) - for many years of active and fruitful social activity

The Order

Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR (June 22, 1963) - for carrying out a long flight in space on the Vostok-6 satellite ship
State Prize of the Russian Federation for Outstanding Achievements in the Field of Humanitarian Action 2008 (June 4, 2009)
Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation named after Yu.A. Gagarin in the field of space activities (2011) - for the development of domestic manned cosmonautics, personal participation in the implementation of the first manned flights, development of international cooperation in the field of space activities, popularization of the achievements of domestic cosmonautics

Medals and diplomas

Medal "For Works for the Benefit of the Yaroslavl Land".
Badge "For Services to the Moscow Region" I degree (February 21, 2017) - for a great contribution to the military-patriotic education of young people and active social activities
Encouragements of the President and the Government of the Russian Federation
Certificate of honor of the President of the Russian Federation (March 3, 2012) - for services to the state and active social activities
Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation (March 2, 2000) - for a great contribution to the formation and development of domestic and world cosmonautics
Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation (April 9, 1996) - for a great personal contribution to the development of Russian cosmonautics
Certificate of honor of the Government of the Russian Federation (June 16, 2008) - for many years of fruitful state and public activities, a great personal contribution to the development of manned astronautics and in connection with the 45th anniversary of the implementation of space flight
Certificate of honor of the Government of the Russian Federation (June 12, 2003) - for a great personal contribution to the development of manned astronautics
Certificate of honor of the Government of the Russian Federation (March 3, 1997) - for merits in the development of astronautics, strengthening international scientific and cultural ties and many years of conscientious work
Gratitude of the Government of the Russian Federation (March 6, 2002) - for many years of fruitful state and public activities.

Honorary Citizenship

Kaluga, Yaroslavl, Vladikavkaz, Alagir, Shchelkovo (Russia)
Karaganda, Baikonur (until 1995 - Leninsk, Kazakhstan, 1977)
Gyumri (until 1990 - Leninakan, Armenia, 1965),
Vitebsk (Belarus, 1975)
Montreux (Switzerland)
Drancy (France)
Montgomery (UK)
Polizzi Generosa (Italy)
Darkhan (Mongolia, 1965)
Sofia, Burgas, Petrich, Stara Zagora, Pleven, Varna (Bulgaria, 1963)
Bratislava (Slovakia, 1963)

Military ranks

December 15, 1962 - Junior Lieutenant
June 16, 1963 - Lieutenant
June 16, 1963 - captain
January 9, 1965 - major
October 14, 1967 - Lieutenant Colonel
April 30, 1970 - Colonel Engineer, since 1975 - Colonel Engineer
1995 - Major General
Retired from April 30, 1997

Once in my childhood I read the words of V.P. Chkalov: "If to be, then to be the first." So I try to be and will be until the end.

The first

man to

spacewalk

Alexey Leonov

‍
On April 12, 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in world history to fly into outer space. After 108 minutes of the flight, Gagarin successfully landed in the Saratov region, not far from Engels. April 12, 1962, the day of Yuri Gagarin's flight into space was declared a holiday - Cosmonautics Day

timeline

1953
Graduated from secondary school number 21 of Kaliningrad
1934
Born on May 30, 1934 in the village of Listvyanka (now the Tisul district of the Kemerovo region
1947
The family moved to the father's new place of work in the city of Kaliningrad.
1955
Graduated from the 10th Military Aviation School of Initial Pilot Training in Kremenchug
1957
Graduated from the Chuguev Military Aviation School of Pilots and joined the CPSU
1960
Enlisted in the first detachment of Soviet cosmonauts
voshod-2

On March 18-19, 1965, together with Pavel Belyaev, he flew into space as a co-pilot on the Voskhod-2 spacecraft. During the flight, he carried out the first spacewalk in the history of astronautics, showing exceptional courage, especially in an emergency situation when an inflated space suit prevented him from returning to a spacecraft

Soyuz-19

In 1975, on July 15-21, together with V. N. Kubasov, he made the second flight into space as commander of the Soyuz-19 spacecraft under the ASTP program (Soyuz-Apollo program). The flight duration is 5 days 22 hours 30 minutes 51 seconds. Then, for the first time, the docking of ships of two different countries was carried out.

step

into space

“I want to tell you that the picture of the cosmic abyss that I saw, with its grandeur, immensity, brightness of colors and sharp contrasts of pure darkness with the dazzling radiance of the stars, simply amazed and charmed me. To complete the picture, imagine - against this background I see our Soviet ship, illuminated by the bright light of the sun's rays. When I left the airlock, I felt a powerful stream of light and heat, reminiscent of electric welding. Above me was a black sky and bright, unblinking stars. The sun seemed to me like a red-hot disc of fire ... "

Technical data

Instrument-assembly compartment
Lander
Duplicate TDU
Duplicate TDU
Airlock
airlock hatch
Ship weight:

5682 kg

Perigee:

167 km

Apogee:

475 km

Orbital inclination:

64.8 °

Period of circulation:

90.9 min

Distance traveled:

717,300 km

Lock chamber

When folded:

diameter - 70 cm

length - 77 cm

In inflated condition:

outer diameter - 1.2 meters

inner diameter - 1 meter

length - 2.5 meters

The weight of the lock chamber

250 kg

The weight of the lock chamber

The first spacewalk. Archive number 1

first docking of ships
of two different countries

APOLLo

—SOYUZ

“Handshake in space” - a program of a joint experimental manned flight of the Soviet spacecraft Soyuz-19 and the American spacecraft Apollo. Implemented July 15, 1975

Artist's drawings and call-outs depict phases of the joint U.S.-USSR Apollo Soyuz Test Project ASTP, an Earth orbital mission which will feature rendezvous and docking of the respective spacecraft of the two nations.

Participants in the Soyuz Apollo program. Standing (from left to right): Thomas Stafford, Alexei Leonov. Sitting (from left to right): Donald Slayton, Vance Brand, Valery Cube

expedition crew

USA

Thomas Stafford

Vance Brand

Donald Slayton

USSR

Leonov Alexey

Kubasov Valery

Postage stamp

artist

USSR postal block with a drawing by A. Leonov and a facsimile of his signature

awards and titles

Twice Hero of the Soviet Union (1965, 1975), Major General of Aviation (1975). Laureate of the USSR State Prize (1981), member of the Supreme Council of the United Russia Party (2002—2019)

the

youngest

astronaut

in history

German Titov

The first man to make a long space flight (more than a day), the second man in space (if you do not take into account the suborbital flight of Alan Shepard). Understudy Yuri Gagarin

In aviation

- for a beautiful form

Titov said: “Once, the husband of our teacher arrived in the village — gold buttons, shoulder straps, a tie, and shiny shoes. Well, I asked, they say, uncle, where do they all give it? He replied: "In aviation."

Doubler and

competitor Gagarin

Titov and Gagarin had equal chances to become astronaut No. 1. Here is what Gagarin said about his understudy when he returned from outer space: “Cosmonaut Two lived in the room with me. We existed according to a single schedule and resembled twin brothers in everything. Yes, we were brothers - we were connected by one goal, to which we dedicated our lives. ” The name of Titov at that moment was still classified.

Why Titov was

not the first

1 version

The Titov’s candidacy was “wrapped up” personally by the head of state Nikita Khrushchev, because he did not like the name of the astronaut. In his opinion, the guy with the real Russian name, and not with the rare name German, sounding like a foreign one, should have become the symbol of the country and the personification of the era

2 version

According to the second version, Titov’s nomination was given by chief designer Sergei Korolev. The fact is that in the period of preparation for the flight, the future astronaut suffered a terrible family tragedy: his young son died. This loss was a serious test for Titov. And Korolev wanted to be sure of the maximum psychological stability of the first astronaut.

3 version

It is possible that German Titov was saved as a more valuable and strong candidate, for the second flight - more difficult. This is confirmed by the entry in the diary of the assistant to the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force in space, General Kamanin, who personally selected the first astronauts: "The only thing that keeps me from deciding in favor of German Titov is the need to have a stronger astronaut for a daily flight."

Day in

space

You need to fly for a day!

Doctors believed that the flight should last no longer than three turns, but Titov himself said: "You need to fly for a day!" He was supported by Sergey Korolev, pointing out that in this case it would be possible to arrange a landing in the same place where Gagarin sat - in the Volga region. Moreover, the work of search groups has already been worked out there. It was a very ambitious plan!

On August 6, 1961, German Titov made the second space flight in the history of Vostok-2 spacecraft. The flight duration was 1 day, 1 hour and 11 minutes. During this time, the spacecraft made 17 revolutions around the Earth, flying more than 700 thousand kilometers. It was the first space flight in the world lasting more than a day.

vostok-2

Flight parameters

The mass of the apparatus:

4.731 tons

The inclination of the orbit:

64.93 °

The circulation period:

88.46 minutes

Perigee:

183 km

Apogee:

244 km

Flight time:

25 hours 11 minutes

German Titov made the first photographs of the Earth, including the famous frame with a porthole.
‍
He had lunch and supper for the first time in zero gravity, and this was not easy: the astronaut began vomiting.
‍
And Titov managed to sleep in space, which was one of the most important experiments.

Hour of

Glory

At the Vnukovo airport, August 9, 1961

After returning, on August 9, 1961, Major German Titov was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union with the award of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.
Once he joked, saying that there is an instruction for behavior when meeting with aliens, the information was distributed by journalists.
‍
The government gave each new astronaut who returned from outer space a brand new Volga car. Titov had a car with the number 0002 MMO.
‍
He also had a new apartment and a higher salary, which was several times higher than the income of an ordinary fighter pilot.
‍

Volga

gaz 21

awards and titles

the order
Memory
Named after Titov
Military ranks

If the pilot is physically

weak, then under the

influence of overload

during the battle he will

leave only boots and a

headset on top.

878 days

11 hours

29 minutes

The first place in the world in

terms of total duration of stay

in space

Gennady PADALKA

Facts

June 29, 2015 broke the world record for the total duration of space flights - 803 days.

Once he joked, saying that there is an instruction for behavior when meeting with aliens, the information was distributed by journalists.
‍
During the 2012 expedition, he slept on the ceiling of the station.

He is fond of diving, prefers to relax on the Red Sea.

Not a haircut in space.

He treats his surname and colleagues' jokes in this regard with humor.

Amateur Radio Call Sign of Gennady Padalka - RN3DT.

International

Space Station

iss-43

Kelly (USA), Shkaplerov (USA), Cristoforetti (ITA), Kornienko (USA), Werts (USA)

iss-9

Edward Michael Fink (USA)

iss-19

Michael Barratt (USA), Koichi Wakata (JPN)

iss-31

Revin (RUS), Aqaba (USA), Kuipers (‎NED), Kononenko (RUS) and Petit USA)

“ Space is space.

There is nothing like

Earth"

ISS-20, in Pirs Docking Compartment

Start of Soyuz TMA-4

Last spacewalk

Flight into space is a long trip. This is a

hotel where everything is temporary.

landing Soyuz TMA-04M

Soyuz TMA-16M

awards

Hero of the Russian Federation and Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation
Departmental awards of Roscosmos: Sign of Korolev, Sign of Gagarin, Sign "For international cooperation in the field of space".
Outstanding Public Service Medal (NASA)
Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", II degree
Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" III degree
Order of Dostyk 2 degrees (Kazakhstan)
Order “For Merit to the Fatherland”, IV degree
Commander of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)
Medal "For Space Flight"

Anatoly

Solovyov

The record for the number of pacewalks and the total duration of work in outer space

Soyuz TM-5 / MIR / Soyuz TM-4
Soyuz TM-9 / MIR-6 / Soyuz TM-9
Soyuz TM-15 / MIR-12 / Soyuz TM-15
Atlantis STS-71 / MIR-19 / Soyuz TM-21
Soyuz TM-26 / MIR-24 / Soyuz TM-26

world record

Total number of EVAs

16

Total time in outer space

78 hours 28 minutes

flight

preparation

soyuz tma-9

It was the first docking of the American space station Mir Russian Space Station and joint operations in orbit, as well as the first crew change in orbit. It was also the largest spaceship ever in orbit, and it was 100- The first launch into space of a man in the USA, perfect from the cape.

Mir station from

space

Soyuz TM-24,

docked to the

Mir station

Launch of the

Atlantis shuttle

STS-71 mission

What does it mean to

go out into outer

space?

“
I would say that this is an obligatory part of the astronaut’s long preparation for the expedition, and then how lucky. The astronaut is obliged to prepare for standard operations, that is, he must be able to service the spacesuit, work with equipment for spacewalks. And then there can be any planned work: scientific, repair, design. Without this, astronautics cannot develop now
”

awards and titles

Ranks

Lieutenant (4.10.1972).
Senior lieutenant (12/14/1974).
Captain (12/31/1976).
Lieutenant Colonel (01/26/1983).
Colonel (06/18/1988).
The Order

The first woman

to spacewalk

From 1969 to 1977, Svetlana Savitskaya was part of the USSR aerobatic team. In 1970, she won the world piston aerobatic championship in the UK. She set 3 world parachuting records in group jumps from the stratosphere and 18 aviation records in jet aircraft.

In 1975-1978, she set 4 female records of altitude and speed of flight on the combat training MiG-25PU

world speed record

(2683.44 km / h, June 22, 1975)

flight altitude record

(21,209.9 m, August 31, 1977)

speed record at a distance of 500 km

(2466.1 km / h, October 21, 1977)

speed record on a closed route of 1000 km

(2466.1 km / h, October 21, 1977)

The second flight

and the first

spacewalk

Flight parameters

The mass of the apparatus is 7.02 t
The inclination of the orbit is 51.6 °
The circulation period is 88.6 min
Perigee - 192 km
Apogee - 218 km

Crew

The commander of the ship - Dzhanibekov, Vladimir Alexandrovich
Flight engineer of the ship - Savitskaya, Svetlana Evgenievna
Cosmonaut-explorer of the ship - Wolf, Igor Petrovich

July 25, Vladimir Dzhanibekov and Svetlana Savitskaya launched into outer space, lasting 3 hours 35 minutes. While working in outer space, Vladimir Dzhanibekov and Svetlana Savitskaya tested various instruments designed to work with metals in outer space.
Svetlana Savitskaya became the first woman to venture into outer space.

Twice Hero of the Soviet Union, the only woman - twice Hero of the Soviet Union.

Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" III degree
The title of “Hero of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan” with the presentation of the Golden Star medal and the Order of the Sun of Liberty (Afghanistan).

The Order “For Merit to the Fatherland”, IV degree - for achieved labor successes, a significant contribution to the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation, merits in space exploration, the humanitarian sphere, the strengthening of law and order, many years of conscientious work, active legislative and social activities;
‍
Two Orders of Lenin;
‍
Order of the Badge of Honor;
‍
Medal "For Merits in Space Exploration" - for great merits in the field of research, development and use of outer space, many years of conscientious work;
‍
Gold medal and 18 diplomas of the International Federation of Aeronautics;

16 gold sports medals of the USSR;

Special medal for setting the women's world record in outer space;

Two small planets (asteroids) are named after Svetlana Savitskaya: No. 4118 (Sveta) and No. 4303 (Savitskaya).

Valery Polyakov

The longest

flight into

space

The first space flight took place from August 29, 1988 to April 27, 1989 as the first astronaut-researcher of the Soyuz TM-6 TPK in order to monitor the health of Titov and Manarov at the final stage of their annual orbit

From January 8, 1994 to March 22, 1995, he made the second space flight as a research cosmonaut on the Soyuz TM-18 spacecraft and the Mir orbital complex lasting 437 days 18 hours. This is an absolute record of the duration of work in space in one flight.

He took part in the SFINCSS experiment in 2000, during which the flight of an international crew on a space station was simulated to study the interaction of groups of people of different nationalities

He took part in the SFINCSS experiment in 2000, during which the flight of an international crew on a space station was simulated to study the interaction of groups of people of different nationalities

Valery Polyakov recalled that in rare spare minutes in space he preferred to read books, among the ones he especially liked he noted the novels “Men and Women” by Boris Mozhaev and “White Clothes” by Vladimir Dudintsev.

He took part in the SFINCSS experiment in 2000, during which the flight of an international crew on a space station was simulated to study the interaction of groups of people of different nationalities

He is the author of more than 50 scientific papers on the problems of space medicine published in domestic and foreign publishing houses


Hero of the Soviet Union, holder of the Order of Lenin and the Golden Star medal


Hero of the Russian Federation

Medal "For Merits in Space Exploration" - for great merits in the field of research, development and use of outer space, many years of conscientious work, active social work

The title of “Hero of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan” with the presentation of the Golden Star medal and the Order of the Sun of Liberty (Afghanistan).

Legion of Honor Officer (France).

Order "Parasat" (Kazakhstan).
‍
Medals of Rosaviakosmos and the Russian Cultural Foundation.

Prize of the Prince of Asturias (Spain).

Honorary Citizen of Tula

Sergey Krikalev

the first Russianace.

astronaut to make 6

flights into space

first

Soyuz TM-7 / MIR-4 / Soyuz TM-7

start

26.11.1988

landing

27.04.1989

total flying

151 days 11 hours 08 minutes

second

Soyuz TM-12 / MIR-9-10 / Soyuz TM-13

start

18.05.1991

landing

25.03.1992

total flying

311 days 20 hours 00 minutes

eva

7

time in outer space

36 hours 29 minutes

third

Discovery STS-60

start

03.02.1994

landing

11.02.1994

total flying

08 days 07 hours 09 minutes

Endeavor STS-88 is a NASA mission for the International Space Station assembly program. The main task was to deliver into orbit, and dock the American Unity module to the Russian Zarya module already in space.

fourth

Endeavor STS-88

start

03.02.1994

landing

11.02.1994

total flying

08 days 07 hours 09 minutes

The Dawn module and the Unity module are the germ of the ISS

fifth

Soyuz TM-31 / SIS-1 / Discovery STS-102

start

31.10.2000

landing

21.03.2001

total flying

140 days 23 hours 38 minutes

sixth

Soyuz TMA-6 / SIS-11 / Soyuz TMA-6

start

15.04.2005

landing

11.10.2005

total flying

179 days 00 hours 23 minutes

ISS configuration during the arrival of the first expedition. Station Modules (from top to bottom): Unity, Dawn and Star

space

weekdays

“Universe of Sergey Krikalev”
60th anniversary film

awards

Hero of the Russian Federation (Gold Star medal No. 1)
The hero of the USSR
Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" IV degree
Order of Honor
Order of Friendship of Peoples
Medal "For Merit in Space Exploration"
Medal “In memory of the 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg”
Honorary title "Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR"
Legion of Honor Officer (France)
NASA's Three Space Flight Medals
NASA Medal of Outstanding Public Merit
Honorary Citizen of St. Petersburg
Honored Master of Sports of Russia.
Lifetime Honorary Member of the Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain.
Laureate of the Golden Eye of Russia National Award.
Laureate of the national award "Russian of the Year"
Order of the Rising Sun 3rd degree (Japan)

We honor the memory of heroes who conquered space at the cost of their lives

Vladimir Komarov

The first man to be in space twice

The first person killed during

space flight

A tablet with the names of the dead astronauts and astronauts (including Komarov), left by the Apollo 15 team on the moon

V.M. Komarov made his first space flight on October 12–13, 1964 aboard the Voskhod-1 spacecraft together with astronauts K. P. Feoktistov and B. B. Egorov (the call sign of the crew was Rubin).

It was the world's first multi-seat spaceship. For the first time in the crew were not only a pilot, but also an engineer and a doctor. For the first time in history, the crew flew without catapults and spacesuits (due to tightness in the cockpit). The soft landing system was first applied.

Tragic flight

Soyuz-1 is the first Soviet manned spacecraft (KK) of the Soyuz series. Launched in orbit on April 23, 1967. On board the Soyuz-1 there was one astronaut - Hero of the Soviet Union Colonel Engineer V. M. Komarov, who died during the landing of the descent vehicle. The doubler of Komarov in preparation for this flight was Yu. A. Gagarin.

Entering orbit and descent

catastrophe

Malfunctions began immediately after the Soyuz-1 spacecraft entered orbit: one of the two solar panels did not open, the ship began to experience a shortage of electricity. The astronaut tried to open the solar battery by spinning the ship around its axis, but this did not lead to the desired results. Due to this malfunction, the flight was prematurely terminated, and the ship successfully left orbit. However, after entering the dense layers of the atmosphere, the parachute system failed at the final landing stage: for completely unknown reasons, the exhaust parachute at an altitude of 7 km (at a speed of about 220 m / s) could not pull the main parachute from the tray; at the same time, the reserve parachute that had successfully left at an altitude of 1.5 km was not filled, since its slings were wrapped around an unshooted exhaust parachute of the main system; the descent vehicle hit the ground at a speed of about 50 m / s, which led to the instant death of the astronaut. The tanks with hydrogen peroxide were damaged, which, like a strong oxidizing agent, exacerbated the fire, as a result of which the descent vehicle was almost completely burned out.

This disaster was the first case of human death in flight in the history of manned space exploration.

The ashes of Vladimir Komarov placed in an urn in the Kremlin wall on Red Square in Moscow

awards

Two Gold Star medals of the Hero of the Soviet Union
The order of Lenin
Order of the Red Star
Medal for Military Merit
Medal "For the development of virgin lands"
5 anniversary medals
Gold medal named after K. E. Tsiolkovsky of the USSR Academy of Sciences
The International Committee on Aeronautics and Space Flight noted the astronaut’s feat with the Order of the Wind Rose with diamonds.
Hero of Labor (Vietnam)
Gold Star Medal Hero of Labor DRV

Eternal memory to the fallen astronauts!

credits

Evgeny Kuzmin

art-director

Andrey Tkachenko

design, animation and development

Kaba Abenov

lead designer and development

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